> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.kubiya.ai/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# Python Skill
> Execute Python code with configurable import and execution restrictions for data processing, automation, and custom logic.
`python`
Restricted Imports, Full Access
**Purpose:** The Python skill enables agents to execute Python code with fine-grained control over module imports, execution environment, and resource limits.
***
## Common Use Cases
**Data processing and analysis**
Parse, transform, and analyze data with Python libraries
**Running Python scripts**
Execute automation scripts, data pipelines, and workflows
**API integrations**
Call external APIs using requests, handle OAuth, process responses
**Custom business logic**
Implement complex algorithms and domain-specific operations
***
## Variants Overview
| Variant | Security | Key Permissions | Best For | Create Command |
| ------------------------- | ------------ | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| **Restricted Imports** 🟢 | Safe | Standard library modules only | Data processing, safe scripting | `--variant restricted_imports` |
| **Full Access** 🔴 | Unrestricted | All modules, third-party packages | Data science, ML workflows | `--variant full_access` |
**Choosing a variant:** Start with Restricted Imports and only upgrade to Full Access when third-party packages are required. See [Variant Configuration](/core-concepts/skills/variant-configuration) for detailed differences.
***
## Configuration
**Example Configuration:**
```json theme={null}
{
"allowed_imports": ["json", "csv", "datetime", "re", "math"],
"timeout": 120,
"max_memory": "512MB",
"working_directory": "/workspace"
}
```
| Parameter | Type | Default | Description |
| ----------------------- | ------ | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| `allowed_imports` | array | variant-specific | Whitelist of allowed Python modules |
| `timeout` | number | 120 | Execution timeout in seconds |
| `max_memory` | string | "512MB" | Memory limit for Python process |
| `max_output_size` | string | "10MB" | Maximum output capture size |
| `working_directory` | string | "/" | Execution directory |
| `environment_variables` | object | {} | Custom environment variables |
**Restricted Imports:**
* `allowed_imports`: Standard library safe modules (json, csv, datetime, re, math, collections, itertools, etc.)
* Network and shell access modules blocked
**Full Access:**
* `allowed_imports`: \["\*"] (all modules)
* Third-party packages allowed
* Higher default limits: `max_memory: "2GB"`, `timeout: 600`
**See:** [Variant Configuration Guide](/core-concepts/skills/variant-configuration)
***
## Quick Start
```bash theme={null}
# Create skill with variant
kubiya skill create --name "Data Processor" --type python --variant restricted_imports --enabled
# Associate with agent
kubiya skill associate agent
```
See full data analysis patterns, API integration workflows, and ML pipeline configurations
***
## Python Code Execution
### Inline Code Example
Agents can execute Python code directly:
```python theme={null}
import json
import datetime
data = {
"timestamp": datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(),
"status": "success",
"results": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
}
print(json.dumps(data, indent=2))
```
### Script Execution
Agents can run Python scripts from the filesystem:
```python theme={null}
# /opt/scripts/process_logs.py
import sys
import json
from datetime import datetime
def analyze_logs(log_file):
# Log processing logic
results = {"processed": True, "count": 42}
return results
if __name__ == "__main__":
result = analyze_logs(sys.argv[1])
print(json.dumps(result))
```
***
## Installing Additional Packages
For agents that need third-party packages, install them on the worker:
```bash theme={null}
# On the worker system
pip install requests pandas numpy
# Or use requirements.txt
pip install -r /opt/agent-requirements.txt
```
Then allow imports in the skill configuration:
```json theme={null}
{
"allowed_imports": ["requests", "pandas", "numpy"]
}
```
**Package Management:** Packages must be installed on the worker system before agents can import them. Coordinate with your infrastructure team for package deployment.
***
## Security Best Practices
Only allow the specific Python modules your agent needs.
```json theme={null}
# Good: Specific imports
allowed_imports: ["json", "csv", "datetime"]
# Risky: Too permissive
allowed_imports: ["*"] # Allows everything
```
Always configure `max_memory` to prevent resource exhaustion.
```json theme={null}
max_memory: "512MB" # Prevents memory exhaustion
```
Set reasonable timeouts to prevent infinite loops.
```json theme={null}
timeout: 120 # Scripts automatically terminate after 2 minutes
```
**Performance Tip:** For data-heavy operations, consider increasing `max_memory` and `timeout` values appropriately.
***
## Troubleshooting & Related Skills
**Solutions:**
* Add module to `allowed_imports` in configuration
* Verify module name exactly matches Python import (e.g., `urllib.parse` not `urllib`)
* Consider upgrading to Full Access variant if appropriate
**Solutions:**
* Verify package is installed on worker: `pip list | grep package-name`
* Ensure `PYTHONPATH` includes package location
* Install missing package: `pip install package-name`
**Solutions:**
* Increase `max_memory` in configuration
* Optimize script to use less memory (streaming, generators)
* Process data in smaller batches
### Related Skills
Read data files for Python processing
Execute shell commands from Python
Generate formatted output files
Return to built-in skills overview